The Act of Uniformity revoked the strict laws against Roman Catholics and also removed the abuse of Pope from the litany. Tried and tested worksheets, activities and games to download. From the Arminians, it gained a theology of episcopacy and an appreciation for liturgy. With Phillip II of Spain the consort of England, ties had become as close as ever. Thus, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement is also called an Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. [63], The Elizabethan settlement was further consolidated by the adoption of a moderately Protestant doctrinal statement called the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion. [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. [118] Although Elizabeth I "cannot be credited with a prophetic latitudinarian policy which foresaw the rich diversity of Anglicanism", her preferences made it possible. This lesson refers to the Edexcel GCSE History textbook. Try to focus on: Religion in Elizabethan England was a political matter because the Elizabethan state was unable for lack of resources, or unwilling for lack of conviction and commitment, to enforce the strict religious uniformity which was supposed to obtain. As well as sugar, silks and spices, Persian and Ottoman rugs and carpets covered Elizabethan interiors. Any person holding a public office or church office in England had to take the oath of supremacy pledging allegiance to the English monarch and recognizing her as the absolute governor of the Church of England. , who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". As Church and pope were not in favour of King Henry, he used to attack them and doubt about the powers of the pope in the United Kingdom. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The result of this pressure was the separation of the English Church from Catholicism. Episcopacy was replaced with a semi-presbyterian system. [11], Elizabeth's religious views were Protestant, though "peculiarly conservative". Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. I . When Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1558, Catholics and Protestants wrangled for political power in England. This aimed to placate both Catholics and Protestants by creating a middle group which. While most people conformed, a minority of recusants remained loyal Roman Catholics. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and conferred the title 'Supreme Governor of the Church of England' on Elizabeth; while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 . The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which was made during the reign of Elizabeth I, was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. "For a while, it was possible to sustain an attenuated Catholicism within the parish framework, by counterfeiting the mass, teaching the seven sacraments, preserving images of saints, reciting the rosary, observing feasts, fasts, and customs". Elizabeth simply could not accept the notion that religious turmoil was seemingly the norm for England - though this had been so in the previous thirty years - and she pushed hard for a settlement that all would take on board. England had been a Catholic nation under the rule of the previous monarch, Mary I. Catholics were not happy with the Religious Settlement. The period is often referred to as a Golden Age of history: England became a major European power in politics, exploration, trade and the arts, while Elizabeth Is long rule created stability after the shorter, tumultuous rules of her siblings, Edward VI and Mary I. [14] He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich. The Elizabethan Age saw ties become frayed as a result of English actions, Spanish actions, Religion, The Netherlands and Trade. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) that brought the English Reformation to a conclusion. This receptionist view had much in common with John Calvin's Eucharistic theology. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. [48], In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. [57] Churches employed singers for special occasions,[58] which might be paid with money, wine, or ale and bread. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - Edexcel, Elizabethan Religious Settlement - Edexcel, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - Edexcel, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Within the Church of England, a Calvinist consensus developed among leading churchmen. When not in use, it was to be oriented north to south, the same as an altar. The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the alb, cope and chasuble. Thomas Sampson, a Marian exile, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". By 1568 Elizabeths new religious settlement had been in place for nearly a decade. It is said this change was made to please the Catholics who thought the Church was under the Popes command. [74] Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. [93] It called for the church to be organised according to presbyterian polity. Think uniform you will remember what this Act did if you remember that it is about unifying religious practice. [16] The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (15581603). Without priests, these social classes drifted into the Church of England and Catholicism was forgotten. The 1662 prayer book mandated by the 1662 Act of Uniformity was a slightly revised version of the previous book. [17] Her Privy Council was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at Court. [13] At the same time, he calls the idea that the prayer book modifications were concessions to Catholics "absurd", writing that "these little verbal and visual adjustments" would never satisfy Catholic clergy and laity after the loss of "the Latin mass, monasteries, chantries, shrines, gilds and a compulsory celibate priesthood". Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister Mary I (Catholic). While broad and ambiguous, this provision was meant to reassure Catholics that they would have some protection. Elizabethan Settlement Definition and Summary. The debts run up by the spendthrift Henry meant that the country verged on bankruptcy. Others refused to conform. It seems we cant find what youre looking for. Explorers became famous and their work has had a lasting legacy. In response, a group of conformists including Richard Bancroft, John Bridges, Matthew Sutcliffe, Thomas Bilson, and Hadrian Saravia began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law. Until later in the reign, it's safe to say your grandparents were Catholic. The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the Church of England, but not a spiritual authority. Elizabeth's Legitimacy. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the consecration. Roman Catholics, however, would have no such freedom. It replaced the pope as the highest authority over the church of England. This is all about the Elizabethan Settlement of religion. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". [30], The Ornaments Rubric was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. In addition, the liturgy remained "more elaborate and more reminiscent of older liturgical forms" and "took no account of developments in Protestant thinking after the early 1550s". The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. Elizabeth I's religious settlement, Royal Museums Greenwich. [52] Through the mid-1650s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were deprived for refusal to conform. Twenty bishops (all Roman Catholics)[22] sat in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. [85], There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the sign of the cross in baptism, the surplice and use of a wedding ring in marriage. The Elizabethan era ushered in an age of discovery, with merchants trading with the East, and explorers such as Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh circumnavigating the globe and establishing colonies in North America, respectively. This means all the clergy had to take this oath or lose their office. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. [40], Another historian, Diarmaid MacCulloch, also finds Neale's thesis flawed. The Pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of Supreme Head, it merely said she could adopt it herself. Life in Elizabethan England 7: Religion Religion Everyone has one. Elizabeth's Religious Settlement Impact and enforcement of the Religious Settlement NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW The religious situation in England was confused; differences in religion were likely to cause to civil unrest at the very least. [105], At the start of his reign, Puritans presented the Millenary Petition to the King. In GCSE History, as a part of their learning the history of Britain, students will be taught about Elizabethan England. [56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Preview. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and . [106], The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop Lancelot Andrewes disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on predestination. Liza Picard takes a look at witchcraft, magic and religion in Elizabethan England. When this happens, it's usually because the owner only shared it with a small group of people, changed who can see it or it's been deleted. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. Some even refused to attend church as Elizabeth refused to strictly enforce the recusancy fines of 5p. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/historyteacherContact me on twitter @thehistteach or email me homeworkhelp@thehistoryteacher.net Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. Under the Act of Supremacy, an Ecclesiastical High Commission established with the job of maintaining discipline with the Church and enforcing the queen's religious settlement. [8] The veneration of religious images (icons, roods, statues) and relics were suppressed,[9] and iconoclasm was sanctioned by the government. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. It helped in establishing set rules for worship. Created: Jul 18, 2017. How was the Elizabethan Settlement enforced? It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. [21], When the Queen's first Parliament opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement. Roman Catholicism was enforced in England and Wales during the reign of Mary I. Protestants were persecuted and a number were executed as heretics. Some indeed, both men and women, married native English people. Thus, Elizabeth still had to face a lot of challenges and threats owing to this. Liza Picard takes a look at crime in Elizabethan England and describes the brutal punishments offenders received, from whipping and public humiliation to hanging and burning at the stake. After his wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the pope for an annulment of his marriage. The bishops visited the church regularly to see whether everyone followed the oath of supremacy and the settlement rules. England was in religious turmoil and there were several problems Elizabeth needed to face when tackling the issue. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as. The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order. When Elizabeth I came to power in 1558 she was faced with a divided England. Henry was also given the title of Defender of Faith by the Pope. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation). Elizabeth's predicament. The Queen never forgave John Knox for writing The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, which denounced female monarchs, and the Reformation in Geneva was tainted by association. [74] In 1568, the English College at Douai was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. 28.9K subscribers Elizabeth I immediately created her religious settlement after coming to the throne. Read about our approach to external linking. "[108] Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. 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